Awal dan Akhir (Jilid 1)

The novel vividly depicts Cairo and its social landscape. I'm curious whether Mahfouz intentionally used the city as a mirror for the characters' development or if it evolved naturally from the story.

The characters' relationships are complex and emotionally charged. I wonder how much of this reflects real Egyptian family dynamics or if Mahfouz was emphasizing universal themes.

The tension between old customs and new ideas feels central to the narrative. I wonder if this was a conscious choice by Mahfouz to critique societal change or a reflection of his own worldview.